The practices of "paper invoices" and "emailed PDFs" that have long supported the business world have started to be strictly regulated on a country-by-country basis in Europe. At the center of this change is an international standard called Peppol.

In Japan, Peppol is just one of the options for complying with the invoice system, but if you look outside the country, it emerges as a compliance issue that could exclude you from the commercial flow if not handled correctly, such as the "2030 Digital Invoice Mandate (ViDA initiative)" for transactions within the EU. It is not the IT department that will be the first to be affected by these changes, but the accounting and finance departments.

This document explains Peppol not simply as a "new format," but through a "geopolitical lens" where the national strategies of different countries intersect.